The working principle of the electrostatic
dust collector
is to use the high voltage electric field to ionize the flue gas.
The dust charge in the air flow is separated from the air flow
under the action of the electric field. The negative electrode is
made of metal wires with different cross-sectional shapes and is
called a discharge electrode.
The
positive electrode is made of metal plates of different
geometries and is called a collecting electrode. The performance
of an electrostatic precipitator is affected by three factors,
the nature of the dust, the configuration of the equipment, and
the flow rate of the flue gas. The specific resistance of dust is
an index for evaluating conductivity, and it has a direct effect
on the dust removal efficiency. The specific resistance is too
low, dust particles are difficult to maintain on the dust
collecting electrode, causing it to return to the air flow. The
specific resistance is too high, and the dust particles that
reach the dust collection electrode are not easily released. A
voltage gradient between the dust layers can cause partial
breakdown and discharge. These conditions will result in a drop
in dust removal efficiency. The basic principle of electrostatic
precipitators is to use electric power to trap dust from the
fumes, which mainly includes the following four interrelated
physical processes:
(1)
The ionization of gas.
(2)
The charge of dust.
(3)
Charged dust moves to the electrode.
(4)
Charged dust collection.
Charged dust trapping process: on the metal anodes and cathodes with large differences in radius of curvature, an electric field sufficient to ionize the gas is maintained by high-voltage direct current, and the electrons generated after gas ionization: anions and cations are adsorbed on the Through the dust on the electric field, the dust gets its charge. Electrodes with different polarity are moved to electrodes of different polarities and deposited on the electrodes under the action of electric field force to achieve separation of dust and gas.
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